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Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society. [1] . The term came into common usage during the 16th century, when it was used to refer to groups of various kinds, including those characterized by close kinship relations. [2] .
5 paź 2024 · Nevertheless, for the purpose of understanding cultural and historical differences, five major racial groups are typically recognized: Caucasian, Mongoloid, Negroid, Australoid, and Amerindian [2].
Racism understands human races to be separate and clear-cut clusters of people, based on biological criteria that are fixed and relevant for their behavior. While humans do vary biologically, their variation does not fall into such clusters that correspond to racial categories.
Among the 19th century naturalists who defined the field were Georges Cuvier, James Cowles Pritchard, Louis Agassiz, Charles Pickering (Races of Man and Their Geographical Distribution, 1848). Cuvier enumerated three races, Pritchard seven, Agassiz twelve, and Pickering eleven.
Based on the careful measurements of various physical characteristics, three main groups or races were eventually recognized—Negroid, Mongoloid, and Caucasoid. These terms were typically used to represent: the Negroid people of Africa, Melanesia, and New Guinea ; the Mongoloid people of Asia, native America, and the Eskimos of the Arctic ...
Some spoke of three races of mankind: The Caucasian race living in Europe, North Africa and West Asia, the Mongoloid race living in East Asia, Australia, and the Americas, and the Negroid race living in Africa south of the Sahara. Others preferred two, with the others arising from mixtures, and some chose four, five, or other numbers of races.
30 paź 2024 · Experts have suggested a range of different races varying from 3 to more than 60, based on what they have considered distinctive differences in physical characteristics alone (these include hair type, head shape, skin colour, height, and so on).
