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A new review and compilation of the available data by BCG and CivicAction demonstrate the depth and pervasiveness of anti-Black racism in Canada, and how systemic racism against Black individuals appears across their full lifecycle in areas like education, employment, healthcare, and policing.
Anti-Black racism continues against Black people in Canada today through a variety of overt and subtle dynamics. Some of these factors include education, poverty , the labour market, the justice system, immigration and housing .
According to the 2019 General Social Survey (GSS) on Canadians’ Safety, nearly half (46%) of Black people aged 15 years and older reported experiencing at least one form of discrimination in the past 5 years, compared to 16% of the non-Indigenous, non-visible minority population.
Racism in Canada traces both historical and contemporary racist community attitudes, as well as governmental negligence and political non-compliance with United Nations human rights standards and incidents in Canada. [1]
From 2021 to 2024, just over half (51%) of racialized people aged 15 years and older reported experiencing discrimination or unfair treatment within the five years prior to the survey. This was nearly double the proportion (27%) recorded for non-racialized people.
During the Canadian Civil Rights Movement (from the 1940s to 1960s), many Black Canadians fought against racism and advocated for their rights. Organizations and movements such as Black Lives Matter Canada continue to fight for the rights of Black Canadians and other marginalized groups, including Indigenous people .
Although much of Black people’s early history in Canada involved enslavement and segregation, Black people have demonstrated resilience throughout time. Through trailblazing and advocacy, Black people have achieved various milestones and accomplishments that have contributed to Canadian society.
