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Pyrimethamine possesses blood schizonticidal and some tissue schizonticidal activity against malaria parasites of humans. However, the 4-amino-quinoline compounds are more effective against the erythrocytic schizonts.
Toxicity. Pyrimethamine is very safe and well tolerated. Occasionally megaloblastic anaemia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia may develop in patients with pre-existing folate deficiency.
1 wrz 2024 · Pyrimethanil is a persistent environmental pollutant that poses a significant threat to human health. In this review, we summarize the fungicidal mechanism of pyrimethanil and its toxicological effects on aquatic organisms and mammals, as well as its impact on growth and development as an endocrine disruptor.
Side effects. When higher doses are used, as in the treatment of toxoplasmosis, pyrimethamine can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, glossitis, anorexia, and diarrhea. [11][13] A rash, which can be indicative of a hypersensitivity reaction, is also seen, particularly in combination with sulfonamides. [11] .
31 lip 2024 · An overdose of pyrimethamine can be fatal, especially to a child. Overdose symptoms may include stomach pain, severe vomiting, coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds, feeling anxious or excited, seizure (convulsions), and weak or shallow breathing (breathing may stop).
Neurological symptoms appear rapidly (30 minutes to 2 hours after drug ingestion), suggesting that in gross overdosage pyrimethamine has a direct toxic effect on the central nervous system. The fatal dose is variable, with the smallest reported fatal single dose being 375 mg.
There is no specific antidote to acute pyrimethamine poisoning. In the event of overdosage, symptomatic and supportive measures should be employed. Gastric lavage is recommended and is effective if carried out very soon after drug ingestion. Parenteral diazepam may be used to control convulsions.
