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The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, [6] historically known as the Chaldean Empire, [7] was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia until Faisal II in the 20th century. [8]
8 paź 2024 · The Neo-Babylonian empire was an ancient kingdom that stretched from Palestine to Persia. It is known perhaps best from the accounts of its second king, Nebuchadnezzar II, in the Hebrew Bible and for the role it played in the Babylonian captivity.
They eventually ruled an empire as dominant in the Near East as that held by the Assyrians before them. This period is called Neo-Babylonian (or new Babylonia) because Babylon had also risen to power earlier and became an independent city-state, most famously during the reign of King Hammurabi.
‘The Neo-Babylonian empire’ describes Nabopolassar’s reign before considering the defining figure of the Neo-Babylonian era: his son, Nebuchadnezzar II. Militarily, Nebuchadnezzar established the most powerful and the most far-reaching empire of any Babylonian king.
The Neo-Babylonian Period began with the fall of the Assyrian Empire and saw Babylon re-emerge as a dominant force in Mesopotamia. Nebuchadnezzar II expanded Babylon's territory significantly, engaging in military campaigns against Jerusalem and other regions.
Babylon was the capital of the Babylonian and Neo-Babylonian Empires. It was a sprawling, heavily-populated city with enormous walls and multiple palaces and temples. Famous structures and artifacts include the temple of Marduk, the Ishtar Gate, and stelae upon which Hammurabi’s Code was written.
The Neo-Babylonian empire was short-lived: in 539 B.C., Cyrus II of Persia conquered the city, building a vast new empire centered on Iran. This was by no means the end of Babylon itself: the city retained its importance and would continue as one of several Achaemenid Persian royal capitals.
