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Gradually, other companies started using the x86 instruction set. Most notably, AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) started designing and selling x86 based processors.
CS232: Computer Architecture II. This set of notes provides an overview of the x86 instruction set architecture and its use in modern software. The goal is to familiarize you with the ISA to the point that you can code simple programs and can read disassembled binary code comfortably.
Instruction processing style. Specifies the number of “operands” an instruction “operates” on and how it does so. 0, 1, 2, 3 address machines: 0-address: stack machine (push A, pop A, op) 1-address: accumulator machine (ld A, st A, op A) 2-address: 2-operand machine (one is both source and dest)
• Example: Program Counter/Instruction Pointer (PC/IP) Reg. – Recall that the processor must fetch instructions from memory before decoding and executing them
x86 instruction set The full x86 instruction set is large and complex But don’t worry, the core part is simple The rest are various extensions (often you can guess what they do, or quickly look it up in the manual)
In this section, we will look at important examples of x86 instructions from each category. This section should not be considered an exhaustive list of x86 instructions, but rather a useful subset.
Volume 1: Basic Architecture. NOTE:The Intel®64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manualconsists of seven volumes: Basic Architecture, Order Number 253665; Instruction Set Reference A-M, Order Number 253666; Instruction Set Reference N-Z, Order Number 253667; Instruction Set Reference, Order Number 326018; System Programming Guide ...
