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Describe the work done by a system, heat transfer between objects, and internal energy change of a system; Calculate the work, heat transfer, and internal energy change in a simple process
Heat is the transfer of energy due to a temperature difference, while internal energy is the total energy contained within a system, including both the kinetic energy of particles and potential energy due to their interactions.
In order to understand the relationship between heat, work, and internal energy, we use the first law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics applies the conservation of energy principle to systems where heat and work are the methods of transferring energy into and out of the systems.
The first law of thermodynamics is given as \(\Delta U = Q - W\), where \(\Delta U\) is the change in internal energy of a system, \(Q\) is the net heat transfer (the sum of all heat transfer into and out of the system), and \(W\) is the net work done (the sum of all work done on or by the system).
Chapter 2: Internal Energy, Work, Heat and Enthalpy 15 More general formula for PV work, P does not need to be constant f i V V ext w P dV ³ Sign Convention : Work done on the system raises internal energy of system (w! 0) Work done by the system lowers the internal energy (w 0) Other forms of work: - electrical work wQ I Q is charge in coulombs I
Work can be defined as a gas changing volume against a constant external pressure. Heat is the transfer of energy due to temperature differences. Heat can be calculated in terms of mass, temperature change, and specific heat. The total change in internal energy for the system is the sum of the work and the heat.
Describe the work done by a system, heat transfer between objects, and internal energy change of a system. Calculate the work, heat transfer, and internal energy change in a simple process. We discussed the concepts of work and energy earlier in mechanics.
