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The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the energy of the system as a state function, measured as the quantity of energy necessary to bring the system from its standard internal state to its present internal state of interest, accounting for the gains and losses of energy due to changes in its internal state, including such quantities ...
A reaction or process in which heat is transferred to a system from its surroundings is endothermic. The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy of the universe is constant. The change in the internal energy of a system is the sum of the heat transferred and the work done.
16 paź 2024 · Internal energy, in thermodynamics, the property or state function that defines the energy of a substance in the absence of effects due to capillarity and external electric, magnetic, and other fields. Like any other state function, the value of the energy depends upon the state of the substance.
Internal energy is a state function of a system and is an extensive quantity. One can have a corresponding intensive thermodynamic property called specific internal energy, commonly symbolized by the lowercase letter u, which is internal energy per mass of the substance in question.
Internal energy is defined as the energy associated with the random, disordered motion of molecules. It is separated in scale from the macroscopic ordered energy associated with moving objects; it refers to the invisible microscopic energy on the atomic and molecular scale.
A reaction or process in which heat is transferred to a system from its surroundings is endothermic. The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy of the universe is constant. The change in the internal energy of a system is the sum of the heat transferred and the work done.
The internal energy of a system is made up of many components, any or all of which may be increased when you add heat to the system or do work on it. If the system is a gas, for example, the internal energy includes the translational, vibrational and rotational kinetic energies of the molecules.
