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9 cze 2024 · The endocardium is composed of three sub-layers, which define its function: The endothelium is the innermost layer, which controls the exchange of any materials between the bloodstream and the heart muscles.
The endocardium (pl.: endocardia) is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart. Its cells are embryologically and biologically similar to the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. The endocardium also provides protection to the valves and heart chambers. [1]
The endocardium remains as an epithelium, but a subset of cells delaminates and invades the proteinaceous matrix between the endocardium and myocardium to form the endocardial cushions. These cells will be vital to proper valve development and to complete septation of the atria and ventricles.
Endocardium is the innermost layer, consisting of endothelial cells covering a basement membrane that consists of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins [8]. The outermost layer of the heart is the epicardium.
2 sty 2023 · The endocardium is composed of the endothelium and the subendothelial connective tissue layer. The subendocardium is between the endocardium and myocardium and contains the impulse-conducting system. The impulse-conducting system has specialized cardiac cells to conduct electrical impulses throughout the heart.
The ECM–cell interactions are mediated by integrins on the cell surface, while the cell–cell interaction complex comprises cadherins and gap junction proteins. The ECM also serves as a controlled reservoir of growth factors.
4 sty 2024 · Structurally, the endocardium is comprised of loose connective tissue and simple squamous epithelial tissue – it is similar in its composition to the endothelium which lines the inside of blood vessels.
