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Temperature gradients affect soil-water potential which induces both liquid and vapor movement. Soil-water potential gradients move water, which consequently carries heat. Combined transport generally ignored in very wet systems and in very dry systems.
A key challenge in problems dealing with temperature is to measure the thermal properties of the soil. Lack of such knowledge might lead to malfunction or non-economical design of structures dealing with temperature change. Different methods can be used for determination of soil thermal properties.
Water is the major liquid component of soils. The air segment contains oxygen, nitrogen, CO2, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane. In a dry state it is a porous medium, containing contains air pockets of various size, depending on the soil texture, and macropores, formed by decayed roots, worms and insects.
Soil temperature is important in many crop growth and development processes such as seed germina-tion, root growth and distribution in the soil, nutrient uptake, root respiration, microbial activity, etc.
SOIL TEMPERATURES, A REVIEW OF PUBLISHED RECORDS. Carl B. Crawford, Junior Research Officer Division of Building Research, National Research Council of Canada. Frost action in soil results from a critical change in temperature at some depth below the surface.
In soils, the greater the bulk density, the greater contact between soil solids and the greater the thermal conductivity. Water improves thermal contact between soil solids and so increases the rate of heat transmission.
Soils are subjected to high temperatures due to several natural and man-made processes including wild fires, forest fires, and thermal remediation technologies. High temperature affects the particle size distribution, mass loss, mineralogy and permeability of soil. In sandy soils, the particle size decreases with increase in temperature because of
