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General Concepts. Clinical Manifestations. Postnatal rubella (German measles) is a generally mild, self-limited illness characterized by rash, lymphadenopathy, and low-grade fever. However, congenital rubella may cause a number of anomalies, depending on the organ system involved and gestational age. Structure.
Rubella is a viral illness caused by a togavirus of the genus Rubivirus and is characterized by a mild, maculopapular rash. The rubella rash occurs in 50%–80% of rubella-infected persons and is sometimes misdiagnosed as measles or scarlet fever.
Togaviruses are important veterinary pathogens, and are transmitted via mosquitoes. Some of them are zoonotic viruses, including Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). Rubella virus is the only member of togavirus family that causes significant disease in human—German measles.
Rubella virus causes a vaccine-preventable disease (commonly referred to as German measles). The disease in children and adults can be asymptomatic or associated with symptoms such as a rash, fever, sore throat, and fatigue ( Bakshi and Cooper, 1989 ).
Rubella virus is an enveloped RNA virus with a single antigenic type that does not cross-react with other togaviruses. Rubella virus can be grown in several common laboratory cell lines. Sequencing of the ∼10 000 nucleotide long, single-stranded rubella genome has been completed.
Togaviridae is a family of small, enveloped viruses with single-stranded positive-sense RNA genomes of 10–12 kb (Table 1. Togaviridae). Within the family, the Alphavirus genus includes a large number of species that are mostly mosquito-borne and pathogenic in their vertebrate hosts.
1 gru 2023 · Rubella is a mild febrile rash illness caused by rubella virus. It is transmitted from person to person via droplets (the virus is present in throat secretions). It affects mainly, but not only, children and when pregnant women are infected, it may result in malformation of the foetus.
