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The Three Rs. norecopa.no. Alternatives. The Three Rs. William Russell and Rex Burch developed the concept of the 3Rs during the 1950s, and described them in their book The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, published in 1959: Replacement. Reduction. Refinement.
The Origins and Early Days of the Three Rs Concept. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, Vol. 37, Issue. 3, p. 255.
In 1955–57, in the course of a study initiated by Charles Hume and the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, Rex Burch and I conceived of the Three Rs of humane experimental technique — replacement, reduction and refinement.
Phys. (U.S.S.R.) 39, 1459-1467 (November, 1960) It is shown that the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian of a three-particle system with pair interaction can be represented in a natural fashion as the sum of three terms, for each of which there exists a linked set of equations.
1 cze 2015 · There are open evolutionary questions about how trust mechanisms should and do evolve; however, here we focus on more proximate psychological and neural mechanisms that mediate trust. Our perspective singles out three basic features: (1) reaping; (2) regarding; and (3) recursive modelling.
In classical mechanics, for a central potential, V (r ), the angle of scattering is determined by impact parameter b( ). The number of particles scattered per unit time between and + d is equal to the number incident particles per unit time between b and b + db.
learn English Alphabet. Modern English is written with a Latin-script alphabet consisting of 26 letters, with each having both uppercase and lowercase forms. The word alphabet is a compound of alpha and beta, the names of the first two letters in the Greek alphabet. Old English was first written down using the Latin alphabet during the 7th century.
