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  1. Pregnant women who use drugs, smoke, or drink alcohol put their unborn babies at risk for neonatal abstinence syndrome and other problems. Women who use drugs also may be less likely to get prenatal care. This can also increase the risks for both mother and baby.

  2. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a term for a group of problems a baby experiences when withdrawing from exposure to narcotics. It's estimated that 3 to 50 percent of newborn babies have been exposed to maternal drug use, depending on the population and area of the country.

  3. Morphine is the first-line agent and the mainstay of treatment. Phenobarbital is the first line additional therapy for polysubstance exposure and may be used in combination with opioid therapy for NAS secondary to opiate withdrawal.

  4. Treatment. Some babies have mild signs of withdrawal and need only normal, newborn baby care. Non-medical treatment is preferred. However, some babies have severe withdrawal and need medical treatment. Treatment may include being admitted to a special care nursery. There, your baby can get medicine to help ease their distress.

  5. What is Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome – NAS? Most substances (including medication, tobacco and alcohol) taken in your pregnancy will pass through the placenta and will be absorbed by your baby.

  6. Most babies do not need treatment for NAS and will be able to go home after a period of observation. Babies are observed for a minimum of 3 days but may need a longer period. Withdrawal symptoms may not be apparent immediately after delivery and may develop over a few days or even weeks.

  7. How is NAS treated? Your baby’s treatment may include: Taking medicines to treat or manage severe withdrawal symptoms. Once withdrawal is under control, your baby gets smaller doses of the medicine over time so her body can adjust to being off the medicine. Medicines used to treat severe withdrawal include morphine, methadone and buprenorphine.

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