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We explain the structure of the DNA molecule, how it is packaged into chromosomes and how it is replicated prior to cell division. We look at how the concept of the gene has developed since the term was first coined and how DNA is copied into RNA (transcription) and translated into protein (translation).
DNA encodes information through the order, or sequence, of the nucleotides along each strand. Each base—A, C, T, or G—can be considered as a letter in a four-letter alphabet that spells out biological messages in the chemical structure of the DNA.
Here, we discuss two important classes of lipids: glycerolipids and phospholipids. The molecular structures of lipids give rise to different intermolecular interactions that influence their physical properties and biological functions.
Chapter 8 DNA Structure & Chemistry 4 As we will consider in detail in later chapters, the directionality of polynucleotides and of polypeptides is the basis for three foundational rules that govern the duplication and retrieval of genetic information. These are that: (1) the synthesis of polynucleotide chains always proceeds in a
21 kwi 2024 · In Mechanisms of Microbial Genetics, we will discuss in detail the ways in which DNA uses its own base sequence to direct its own synthesis, as well as the synthesis of RNA and proteins, which, in turn, gives rise to products with diverse structure and function. In this section, we will discuss the basic structure and function of DNA.
14 sie 2024 · For the DNA molecule, four nitrogenous bases are incorporated into the standard DNA structure. These include the Purines: Adenine (A) and Guanine (G), and the Pyrimidines: Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T). RNA uses the same nitrogenous bases as DNA, except for Thymine. Thymine is replaced with Uracil (U) in the RNA structure.
29 lis 2021 · Lipids conform to the nuclear membrane, accounting for genome shielding and homeostasis. Additionally, incipient literature starts to address, mostly in a descriptive manner, the importance of lipids for genome integrity, preservation during DNA damage, sensing, and repair.
