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3.4 What Are the Chemical Structures and Functions of Lipids? • Fats and oils store energy • Phospholipids—structural role in cell membranes • Carotenoids and chlorophylls—capture light energy in plants (photoreceptor) • Steroids and modified fatty acids—hormones and vitamins • Animal fat—thermal insulation
Protein families are readily recognized when the genome of any organism is sequenced; for example, the determination of the DNA sequence for the entire genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has revealed that this tiny worm contains more than 18,000 genes.
On a cellular level, structural proteins contribute to the physical integrity of the cell and are responsible for much of the organization and compartmentalization found in living systems.
flow of genetic information from DNA to protein. But first, in this chapter we look closely at the structure and chemistry of DNA in order to learn how its double-helical architecture allows information to be stored, duplicated, and accessed. Each DNA strand is an alternating copolymer of phosphates and deoxyribose sugars
21 mar 2024 · The significance of the unique sequence, or order, of amino acids, known as the protein’s primary structure, is that it dictates the 3-D conformation the folded protein will have. This conformation, in turn, will determine the function of the protein.
31 paź 2022 · To reiterate, the primary structure of a protein is defined as the sequence of amino acids linked together to form a polypeptide chain. Each amino acid is linked to the next amino acid through peptide bonds created during the protein biosynthesis.
Carbohydrates and lipids are intermediate in complexity between nucleic acids and proteins. We currently know less about them, but this deficit is rapidly being eliminated. The central focus in structural biology at present is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a large biological molecule.
