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For example, a common condition is one in which the anthers are introrse early in development, but reorient to the top of the flower, with all the anthers facing downward.
the interpretation of staminode evolution. To examine the evolutionary history of staminodes, we determined an-droecial characters (number of stamen whorls, presence/absence of stami-nodes), floral design (symmetry, blossom type), primary pollen vector, and proposed staminode functionality (if found) for families considered by Chase
This article aims to discuss the shortcomings of the past and current approach of staminodes and proposes definitions of staminode types for use as characters in phylogenetic analyses. Staminodial structures should be classified according to their position and function in the flower.
In this article we present a survey of the occurrence of staminodial structures and their functionality in the flower and give an overview of possible misinterpretations of staminodes and their relevance in morphological studies.
1 lis 2000 · Staminodes are sterile stamens that lost pollen production, and presentation to new alternate functions, such as attracting pollinators, protecting the carpels, secreting nectar (staminal ...
1 paź 2000 · Abstract. Stamens that have lost their primary function of pollen production, or staminodes, occur uncommonly within angiosperms, but frequently fulfill important secondary floral functions. The phylogenetic distribution of staminodes suggests that they typically arise during evolutionary reduction of the androecium.
