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19 lut 2024 · (1) Citizens have the right and the duty to defend Spain. (2) The law shall determine the military obligations of Spaniards and shall regulate, with all due guarantees, conscientious objection as well as other grounds for exemption from compulsory military service; it may also, when appropriate, impose a community service in place of military ...
The Spanish Constitution of 1978 is the core of the Spanish political and legal systems. It is the basis for other rules, fundamental rights and public freedoms, the principles of action of the public authorities and the institutional and territorial organisation of the Spanish State.
The promulgation of the constitution marked the climax of the Spanish transition to democracy after the death of general Franco, on 20 November 1975, who ruled over Spain as a military dictator for nearly 40 years.
Following approval of the Spanish Constitution in 1978, the use of the Flag was regulated by Law 39/1981 and that of the Coat of Arms of Spain by Law 33/1981. It seemed appropriate to provide a legal basis for the National Anthem.
1. The mission of the Armed Forces, comprising the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, is to guarantee the sovereignty and inde-pendence of Spain and to defend its territorial integrity and the con-stitutional order. 2. The basic structure of military organisation shall be regulated by an organic law in accordance with the principles of the Constitu-
The law shall determine the military obligations of Spaniards and shall regulate, with all due guarantees, conscientious objection as well as other grounds for exemption from compulsory military service; it may also, when appropriate, impose a community service in place of military service.
The Civil Guard and the Armed and Traffic Police were legally part of the armed forces, and their senior officers were drawn from the army. The 1978 Constitution effects the separation of the police from the military, and it emphasizes that one of the functions of the police is to safeguard personal liberties.
