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The term serf (Russian: крепостной крестьянин, romanized: krepostnoy krest'yanin, lit. 'bonded peasant'), in the sense of an unfree peasant of tsarist Russia, meant an unfree person who, unlike a slave, historically could be sold only together with the land to which they were "attached".
The first aim of this article is to show that, in Russia, the historical and institutional definition of serfdom poses a problem. I will therefore explore Russian legislation, and how it was applied, from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century.
Numerous scholars have emphasized the negative implications of serfdom – a coercive system of labor control similar in many ways to American slavery – for Russian economic development during its evolution from the 16th to the 19th century.
Russian serfdom was a system of labor coercion that existed from the 16th century to 1861.2 Indeed, at a time when the Industrial Revolution was fundamentally changing the economies of Western Europe, about 45% of peasants (and 39% of the total population) in European Russia were obliged to work for the landowning nobility and/or pay them a
12 paź 2010 · The notion of the “second serfdom” has to be revisited. I claim that the introduction, the evolution, and the abolition of serfdom in Russia should be seen as a long-term process, beginning no later than the late sixteenth century and ending at the eve of the First World War.
1 lip 2008 · The paper examines the thesis, popular among Russian Marxists, that Russian serfdom had become unprofitable for the serfowners before the emancipation of the serfs in 1861.
27 cze 2012 · Serfdom is the most well known institutional feature of Russia under the Tsars, but its empirical implications for growth and development have rarely been explored. This paper investigates whether the legacy of serfdom affected labour mobility in the Russian countryside after Emancipation in 1861.
