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In fact, the Roman Empire influenced every part of Scotland during the period: by the time of the End of Roman rule in Britannia around 410, the various Iron Age tribes native to the area had united as, or fallen under the control of, the Picts, while the southern half of the country was overrun by tribes of Romanized Britons.
In AD 80, Iulius Agricola, governor of Roman Britain, launched an ambitious offensive against Caledonia and was soon victorious at Mons Graupius; the imperial fleet rounded Scotland and conquest was being consolidated when Emperor Domitian abruptly withdrew all Roman forces in AD 87.
In AD 83 the fleet was used to soften the position in Scotland by making lightning raids up the east coast; it also discovered the Orkney islands. In the campaign against the Germans the Rhine played a major role.
27 sty 2022 · Scots and Picts are joined by the ferocious Attacotti (probably from the western Highlands, seaboard and islands) in a coordinated attack on the Roman state, apparently in certain cases by surprise outflanking naval operations.
These pages explore the people of Roman Scotland, from the soldiers who came here from all over the empire, to their families, and the traders and craftworkers who lived off them. It also looks at the local people and their reaction to this invasion.
The navy was clearly a vital element in the supply chain, as indicated by the rebuilding of (coastal) South Shields as a massive grain store, the reoccupation of (coastal) Cramond and the use (new or continuing) of the coastal fortress at Carpow.
In the third and fourth centuries, then, a Roman detachment with naval origins was stationed on the west side of Hadrian's Wall, at Itunokelon, perhaps balancing the unit of'Bargemen from the Tigris' at South Shields on the east coast.
