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Alkyl halides, RX, react with magnesium metal in ether or tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent to yield alkylmagnesium halides, RMgX.
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Grignard reagents (RMgX) can be prepared through the reaction of halogens with magnesium metal (Section 10-6). Grignard reagents are a source of carbanion nucleophiles (R: - + MgX) which add to carbonyl compounds to yield alcohols. Ethyl ether or THF are essential for Grignard reagent formation.
If we represent grignard reagent as RMgX, after adding water RH and MgX(OH) are given as products. Here X is the halogen (chlorine or bromine or iodine) RMgX + H 2 O → RH + MgX(OH)
14 paź 2011 · Grignard reagents are formed by the reaction of magnesium metal with alkyl or alkenyl halides. They’re extremely good nucleophiles, reacting with electrophiles such as carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, esters, carbon dioxide, etc) and epoxides.
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However, the organometallic chemistry of magnesium is rich and extensive. The importance of Grignards (RMgX, where X = halide) and dialkyl magnesium compounds (R 2 Mg) is due to their use in organic synthesis and as synthons for a range of organometallic compounds.
