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  1. Static maps are the most common type of visual output from geocomputation. Standard formats include .png and .pdf for raster and vector outputs respectively. Initially, static maps were the only type of maps that R could produce.

  2. The raster package provides classes and functions to manipulate geographic (spatial) data in ’raster’ format. Raster data divides space into cells (rectangles; pixels) of equal size (in units of the coor-

  3. 25 paź 2018 · In this part, we will cover the fundamentals of mapping using ggplot2 associated to sf, and presents the basics elements and parameters we can play with to prepare a map. Maps are used in a variety of fields to express data in an appealing and interpretive way.

  4. In previous chapters, we explored how to quickly create simple maps using vector and raster data. This section will focus on using ggplot2 (along with sf and tidyterra) to produce high-quality maps suitable for publication in journal articles, conference presentations, and professional reports.

  5. Most often, geographical data are displayed using static maps that can be saved as .png or .pdf files. Originally, data could only be visualized in this way in R, but the development of new packages, especially sp, has created new possibilities for displaying this data.

  6. We create maps of areal data using several functions and parameters of the mapping packages. We also briefly describe how to plot point and raster data. Then, we show how to create maps of flows between locations with the flowmapblue package (Boyandin 2023).

  7. gon data frames with sp; raster data with raster; advanced geometric operations with rgeos. There will also be introductions to other GIS software and how they can work with R in synergy. With its data-centric focus, this tutorial cuts across disciplines to be useful to anyone working with statistics in the real world.

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