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Polar and non-polar molecules. Describe the two factors that determine the polarity of a molecule. Explain how a molecule can have polar bonds but overall have no net dipole moment (non-polar). Classify the following molecules as polar or non-polar.
Explore the relationship between polarity and solubility. Determine the solubility of polar and nonpolar solutes, and an ionic solute in different solvents. Prior knowledge: 8.7: Bond Polarity and Electronegativity; 8.8: Bond and Molecular Polarity
• Non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents. • Stronger solute-solvent attractions favor solubility, stronger solute-solute or solvent- solvent attractions reduce solubility.
To determine whether a molecule is polar or not, we need to look at 2 main factors: Bonds involved within it. Shape. Bonds. A key component in determining the polarity of a molecule is the polarity of its intramolecular bonds. To do so we need to look at the atoms involved in each bond and the electronegativity difference between them.
Solubility. Virtually all of the organic chemistry that you will see in this course takes place in the solution phase. In the organic laboratory, reactions are often run in nonpolar or slightly polar solvents such as toluene (methylbenzene), hexane, dichloromethane, or diethylether.
For example, the water solubility of oxygen is approximately three times greater than that of helium (there are greater dispersion forces between water and the larger oxygen molecules) but 100 times less than the solubility of chloromethane, CHCl 3 (polar chloromethane molecules experience dipole–dipole attraction to polar water molecules).
13 gru 2023 · Solvents that are very polar will dissolve solutes that are very polar or even ionic. Solvents that are nonpolar will dissolve nonpolar solutes. Thus water, being polar, is a good solvent for ionic compounds and polar solutes like ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH).
