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11 cze 2004 · In this review, we (1) survey recent discoveries of pollen and stigma functions both before and after they make contact, and (2) address the great diversity in pollen and stigma structures across taxa, focusing on how they accomplish key tasks in pollination.
27 sty 2020 · We conceptually summarize how the study of pollen on stigmas of spent flowers can reflect key drivers and functional aspects of the plant–pollinator interaction (e.g. competition, facilitation or commensalism).
25 sty 2023 · Flowering plants have evolved numerous intraspecific and interspecific prezygotic reproductive barriers to prevent production of unfavourable offspring1.
26 lip 2021 · During pollination in higher plants (angiosperms), the female stigma, comprising numerous stigmatic papilla cells, acts as the receptive surface for pollen grains (Figure 1 A). At this surface, major decisions are made regarding whether or not sexual reproduction is successful.
28 cze 2008 · Siphonogamy, the delivery of nonmotile sperm to the egg via a pollen tube, was a key innovation that allowed flowering plants (angiosperms) to carry out sexual reproduction on land without the need for water. This process begins with a pollen grain (male gametophyte) alighting on and adhering to the stigma of a flower.
1 sty 2017 · Animal-pollinated plants display a multiplicity of structural adaptations that function to promote effective cross-pollen dispersal and reduce pollen wastage, especially on incompatible stigmas.
11 cze 2004 · There is no doubt that the pistil plays a key role in plant reproduction and that it has multiple functions: it can accept or reject the proper pollen, it sustains pollen tube growth, and it produces and protects the female gametophyte in the ovary.
