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But how do an electron and a photon interact? Why can a photon kick up an electron to a higher atomic orbital, or why is a photon emitted when an electron jumps down to a lower orbital? A photon do not have any charge, so the interaction cannot be caused by the Coulomb potential.
Having derived quantum theories for the electron and the electromagnetic field, we can put them together to describe how electrons interact with the electromagnetic field by absorbing and/or emitting photons. Here, we present the simplest such calculation.
In the photoelectric absorption process, a photon undergoes an interaction with an absorber atom in which the photon completely disappears. In its place, an energetic photoelectron is ejected from one of the bound shells of the atom.
The interaction of the two-level atom with the electric field of an electromagnetic wave is described by the Bloch equations. 6.1 The Two-Level Model. An atom with only two energy eigenvalues is described by a two-dimensional state space spanned by the two energy eigenstates and |gi. The two states constitute a complete orthonormal system.
If a high energy photon interacts with an electron, the interaction can be described by the Compton scattering relationship or by the 4-vector formulation of relativistic momentum. As a specific example, consider a 10GeV photon in a head-on collision with an electron at rest.
There is not a single interaction term. Rather, the electron–phonon interaction can be expanded in a power series in the scattered wave vector q = k − k ′, and this process gives rise to a number of terms, which correspond to the number of phonon branches and the various types of interaction terms.
10 sty 2024 · A fundamental aspect in this domain is the absorption of photons by atoms, a core quantum-mechanical process characterized by an atom transitioning from a lower to a higher energy state, the...
