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Host discovery is a term I’ll use to describe a certain phase of a penetration test, where one attempts to determine the accessible hosts on a network. Many times if a firewall ruleset is written explicitly, it is difficult to accurately determine the number of hosts that are behind a firewall.
Fortunately, Nmap offers a wide variety of host discovery techniques beyond the standard ICMP echo request. They are described in the following sections. Note that if you specify any of the -P options discussed in this section, they replace the default discovery probes rather than adding to them.
There are various techniques that can be used to discover live hosts in a network with nmap. Depending on whether you are scanning from the same LAN subnet or outside of a firewall, different live host identifications can be used (we will discuss this later).
1 paź 2020 · most important part is the five functions: Host discovery, Port scan, Service and V ersion (S&V) detection, Operating system (OS) detection and Nmap Script Engine (NSE).
Host discovery: discover live hosts within the network. Identify open ports: Nmap conducts port scanning of target hosts. OS version detection: discover the operating system (OS) and version of a target system quickly. We’ve covered all of the commands you need to know, alongside their use cases below.
Since this paper is about nmap and host discovery, we’ll talk specifically about how nmap does its discovery, and we’ll learn how to use nmap’s options to improve the discovery phase of a penetration test or vulnerability assessment.
The TCP ping options are some of the most powerful discovery techniques in Nmap. An administrator may be able to get away with blocking ICMP echo request packets without affecting most users, but a server absolutely must respond to SYN packets sent to the public services it provides.
