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  1. Track and visualize how energy flows and changes through your system. Explore how heating and cooling iron, brick, water, and olive oil adds or removes energy. See how energy is transferred between objects.

  2. Compare how quickly the different materials are heated or cooled. Based on these results, what material do you think has the greatest specific heat? Why? Which has the smallest specific heat? Can you think of a real-world situation where you would want to use an object with large specific heat?

  3. The Sun is the major source of light for the earth. The sun is a massive ball of fire, at the centre of which nuclear fusion produces massive energy. This energy comes out as heat and light.

  4. Four of the renewable energy sources listed in Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)—those using material from plants as fuel (biomass heat, ethanol, biodiesel, and biomass electricity)—involve the same types of energy transformations and conversions as just discussed for fossil and nuclear fuels.

  5. Q = mcΔT, where Q is the symbol for heat transfer (“quantity of heat”), m is the mass of the substance, and ΔT is the change in temperature. The symbol c stands for the specific heat (also called “ specific heat capacity ”) and depends on the material and phase.

  6. As we learned earlier in this chapter, heat transfer is the movement of energy from one place or material to another as a result of a difference in temperature. Heat transfer is fundamental to such everyday activities as home heating and cooking, as well as many industrial processes.

  7. Heat is the flow of energy from one object to another. This flow of energy is caused by a difference in temperature. The transfer of heat can change temperature, as can work, another kind of energy transfer that is central to thermodynamics.