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  1. The different light sources produced artificially can be put under three broad categories-Incandescent Sources: When certain objects are heated to a high temperature, they begin to emit light. Both infrared and visible light is produced in the process. Example- Candle, incandescent lamp. Luminescent Sources: Light can be produced by ...

  2. (Celsius temperature, symbol T, is defined by the expression T = K −273.15) candela (unit of luminous intensity, symbol cd) The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochro-matic radiation of frequency 540x1012 Hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.

  3. Chemical energy can be converted into thermal energy by reactions like oxidation. Chemical reactions can also produce electrical energy, such as in batteries. Electrical energy can, in turn, produce thermal energy and light, such as in an electric heater or a light bulb.

  4. The lab exercises found in this manual focus on the physics that is the basis of issues concerning the generation and use of energy in our technological society. Energy use lies at the center of industrial society, the products of which, from light

  5. Explore how heating and cooling iron, brick, water, and olive oil adds or removes energy. See how energy is transferred between objects. Build your own system, with energy sources, changers, and users. Track and visualize how energy flows and changes through your system.

  6. Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. As we learned earlier in this chapter, heat transfer is the movement of energy from one place or material to another as a result of a difference in temperature.

  7. In this AP lab manual, the inquiry-based structure includes the following components: 1. Pre-assessment section. This section contains a list of questions that you should answer before starting each activity. These are meant to get you thinking about the main concepts of each lab.