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Common disaccharides are the grain sugar maltose, made of two glucose molecules; the milk sugar lactose, made of one galactose and one glucose molecule; and the table sugar sucrose, made of one glucose and one fructose molecule.
Carbohydrates are of great importance in energy metabolism, and are essential components of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA). They are also found attached to many proteins (“glycoproteins”). Sugars are also called saccharides. Simple sugars, with only one sugar unit, are called monosaccharides.
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6. Glucose is overall the most abundant monosaccharide, [ 4 ] a subcategory of carbohydrates. Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight.
Monosaccharides. The most common monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and mannose. Of these sugars, all but one (fructose) exists as an aldehyde. Fructose and some other less well known sugars are ketones. Figure 2.148 shows the structure of these sugars.
Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units from which all carbohydrates are built. Chemically, monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes with the formula H-[CHOH]
11 paź 2014 · Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose Structure and Properties. Glucose, fructose, and galactose represent the three most important simple sugars. They all contain six carbon atoms (belong among hexoses) and have the same molecular formula, C 6 H 12 O 6. However, these sugars have different characteristics and properties.
It is also known as blood sugar, and dextrose. Its chemical formula is C 6 H 12 O 6, and this empirical formula is shared by other sugars - called hexoses - 6 carbon sugars. You may wish to know in some detail how these 24 atoms are arranged in the molecule of glucose - the structural formula.
