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Vowels were diphthongized in Middle English before /h/, and new diphthongs arose in Middle English by the combination of vowels with Old English w , g /ɣ/ → /w/, and ġ /j/. For more information, see the section below.
1 lip 2023 · The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Middle English pronunciations in Wiktionary articles. Note that Middle English is not a single uniform language; the term refers to the multifarious varieties of English spoken in Britain from 1100–1500 C.E. , meaning there was plenty of variation and ...
IPA Chart. The Sound of English IPA chart for the 2021 edition is below. Click on the sounds to hear them: Variations. Many different versions of the standard British English IPA chart exist, with each major dictionary displaying some variation. ‘The Sound of English’ uses a similar set of symbols to the OED (Oxford English Dictionary).
Vowels. Vowels are classified by how high or low the tongue is, if the tongue is in the front or back of the mouth, and whether or not the lips are rounded; High vowels: [i] [ɪ] [u] [ʊ] Mid vowels: [e] [ɛ] [o] [ə] [ʌ] [ɔ] Low vowels: [æ] [a] Front vowels: [i] [ɪ] [e] [ɛ] [æ] Central vowels: [ə] [ʌ]
A vowel diagram or vowel chart is a schematic arrangement of the vowels. Depending on the particular language being discussed, it can take the form of a triangle or a quadrilateral.
Vowels The real trick to pronouncing quality Middle English is in the vowels. Like Modern English, Middle English has “short vowels,” “long vowels,” and “dipthongs” (two vowel sounds that have been smooshed together to make one). How can you tell the difference? This partly comes with experience, but the main thing to remember is
Between Middle English times and our own day, all of the long vowels changed in pronunciation in a regular manner, called "The Great Vowel Shift" (learn more here). Those changes are apparent in the following chart, which also provides a guide to the pronunciation of Chaucer's "long vowels":
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