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Microglia are a type of glial cell located throughout the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS). [ 1 ] Microglia account for about 10–15% of cells found within the brain. [ 2 ] As the resident macrophage cells, they act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the CNS. [ 3 ]
21 mar 2024 · Microglial cells, as their name implies, are the smallest type of glial cells. Under a microscope, their small and elongated nuclei have a dash-like form, making them easily distinguishable from the larger and rounded nuclei of other cell types.
8 maj 2017 · Analysis of cell shape to measure microglial reactivity. A more detailed analysis focusing on the microglia cell somata, revealed two additional parameters that were significantly affected...
2 mar 2017 · Microglia arise from erythro-myeloid precursors in the embryonic yolk sac and populate the brain rudiment early during development. Microglial cell population is maintained by self-renewal, without the contribution of bone marrow-derived progenitors.
In short, microglia cells and CNS-associated macrophages first need to be identified by their spatial distribution. Secondly, the cell density should be evaluated. The cell shape is of particular importance when analyzing the microglial phenotype.
Microglial cells are the predominant parenchymal immune cell of the brain. Recent evidence suggests that like peripheral immune cells, microglia patrol the brain in health and disease.
Nowadays, microglia are considered to be the prototypic tissue-resident macrophage-like innate immune cells of the CNS that are endowed with memory-like functions to allow context-dependent responses. Microglia are multifunctional cells that interact with numerous other cells in the CNS, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.
