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Halitosis or oral malodor is an offensive odor originating from the oral cavity, leading to anxiety and psychosocial embarrassment. A patient with halitosis is most likely to contact primary care practitioner for the diagnosis and management.
Halitosis is defined as the presence of an unpleasant odor in exhaled air, regardless of its cause. In most patients with halitosis, the condition causes embarrassment and interferes with social interactions and daily life. Furthermore, bad breath can be a sign of an underlying disease.
Respiratory system problems, gastrointestinal disease, hepatic disease, hematological or endocrine system disorders and metabolic conditions can all be the causes of halitosis. Respiratory system problems can be divided into upper and lower respiratory tract problems.
30 sty 2023 · This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish the prevalence and factors involved in halitosis in the pediatric population. Methods: A systematic review was ...
21 paź 2021 · Abstract. Aim: The present manuscript aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic aids, and management of halitosis in a pediatric population....
1 sie 2021 · Aim: The present manuscript aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic aids, and management of halitosis in a pediatric population. Background: Halitosis refers to bad breath from the mouth that seems unpleasant or offensive to others.
1 kwi 2016 · This article provides a review about aetiologic classification, diagnosis and management of halitosis along with a series of recommendations which will help in elimination of bad breath in...
