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Legio X Fretensis ("Tenth legion of the Strait") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was founded by the young Gaius Octavius (later to become Augustus Caesar) in 41/40 BC to fight during the period of civil war that started the dissolution of the Roman Republic. X Fretensis is then recorded to have existed at least until the 410s.
Legion stworzył Oktawian August między 41-40 p.n.e. Symbol byka na Vexillum wskazuje, że najprawdopodobniej stało się to między 17 kwietnia a 18 maja, ponieważ symbol byka w zodiaku poświęcony jest Wenus, opiekuńczej bogini rodu juliańskiego. Używano też dodatkowego symbolu tryremy.
Legion X Fretensis was used to capture the fortified cities of Tarichacae and Gamala, located on the eastern and western shores of Lake Gennesaret (Galilee). Vespasian then deposited the legion in Scythopolis, on the west bank of the Jordan River.
Legio X Fretensis został sformowany przez Oktawiana, przypuszczalnie na Sycylii (stąd Fretensis – „znad cieśniny [Mesyńskiej]”) . Wiadomo, że za panowania Oktawiana Augusta i Tyberiusza Legio X Fretensis (lub przynajmniej jego część) stacjonował w Cyrrhus w Syrii .
Multiple Symbols: The Boar, the Pig, the Bull (Taurus), a Warship, a Dolphin, an image of Neptune. Notable Commanders: Marcus Ulpius Traianus, ( Trajan ‘s Father).
12 lip 2023 · Tile fragment with a stamp of Legio X Fretensis, “LEGX F”, and its symbol: a wild boar and a battleship. Found in Jerusalem, 1st-2nd century CE. Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
In that year X Fretensis, in conjunction with V Macedonica, XII Fulminata, and XV Apollinaris, began the siege of Jerusalem, stronghold of the rebellion. The Xth camped on the Mount of Olives. During the siege, Legio X gained fame in the effective use of their various war machines.
