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The primary treatment for central diabetes insipidus is desmopressin acetate, a synthetic analogue of ADH. Intranasal treatment can be effective for dogs.
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In most cats and smaller dogs, 1 to 2 drops of the intranasal preparation administered once or twice daily are sufficient to control polyuria and polydipsia (see Table below). Larger dogs may require up to 4 to 5 drops twice daily.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a polyuric disorder that results from impaired responsiveness of the nephron to the actions of AVP. Plasma AVP concentrations are normal or increased in animals with this disorder.
Thiazide diuretics (eg, chlorothiazide) may decrease polyuria by 30%–50% in animals with nephrogenic or central diabetes insipidus. Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle leads to decreased total body sodium and contraction of the extracellular fluid volume.
There are several situations when a BGC should be performed: (1) after the first dose of a new kind of insulin; (2) at 7 –14 days after an insulin dose change; (3) at least q 3 mo even in well-controlled diabetics; (4) any time clinical signs recur in a controlled patient; and. (5) when hypoglycemia is suspected.
Treatment. With hypophyseal tumours, a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is usually recommended. In dogs that develop CDI secondary to hypophysectomy, CDI may spontaneously resolve within two to four weeks. Prophylactic use of desmopressin at 4?g twice daily has been shown to be effective at minimising the onset of CDI.
• Tablets: 0.05 -0.2mg/dog PO BID-TID • Sm dog 0.05 mg/dog • Med 0.1 mg/dog • Large 0.2 mg/dog • Drops: 1 drop in conj. of eye q 8-12 hours • Expensive • Life long therapy • Once document response (serial USG’s), taper down to lowest dose to maintain clinical effect • Treatment is for owners! Central Diabetes Insipidus
