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explain internal energy, work and heat; state first law of thermodynamics and express it mathematically; calculate energy changes as work and heat contributions in chemical systems; explain state functions: U, H. correlate DU and DH; measure experimentally DU and DH; define standard states for DH;
molecules. Internal energy is simply the sum of the kinetic energies and potential energies of these molecules. We remarked earlier that in thermodynamics, the kinetic energy of the system, as a whole, is not relevant. Internal energy is thus, the sum of molecular kinetic and potential energies in the frame of reference relative to which the ...
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Internal energy : Internal energy of a system is defined as the sum of the kinetic energies of the atoms and molecules belonging to the system, and the potential energies associated with the interactions between these constituents (atoms and molecules).
The internal energy of a system is made up of many components, any or all of which may be increased when you add heat to the system or do work on it. If the system is a gas, for example, the internal energy includes the translational, vibrational and rotational kinetic energies of the molecules.
6 lis 2023 · Students can access the Chapterwise NCERT Solutions of Class 12th Physics in PDF Formats along with other resources like MCQ Questions for Class 12 Physics with Answers in online and offline modes. Chapter 1 Electric Charges and Fields. Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance. Chapter 3 Current Electricity.
Temperature & Internal Energy. Temperature is a measure of the average internal energy of an object or a system. Internal energy is the energy associated with the motion of atoms and/or molecules. Temperature is thus a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules making up an object or a system. 2.
