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  1. Definition. Internal energy refers to the total amount of kinetic and potential energies possessed by all molecules within a substance. It includes both microscopic motion (kinetic) and forces between molecules (potential).

  2. Internal energy refers to the total amount of kinetic and potential energies possessed by all particles within a substance.

  3. Internal Energy refers to the total kinetic and potential energy associated with random motion of molecules within an object or system.

  4. The internal energy is the mean value of the system's total energy, i.e., the sum of all microstate energies, each weighted by its probability of occurrence: U = ∑ i = 1 N p i E i . {\displaystyle U=\sum _{i=1}^{N}p_{i}\,E_{i}.}

  5. 1 wrz 2020 · Internal energy can be explained on a molecular level by taking into account the various terms that can contribute to this total energy. This accounting process is easiest to carry out for a perfect gas sample because the particles do not interact with each other.

  6. 30 sty 2023 · The internal energy of a system is identified with the random, disordered motion of molecules; the total (internal) energy in a system includes potential and kinetic energy. This is contrast to …

  7. Internal energy is a state function of a system and is an extensive quantity. One can have a corresponding intensive thermodynamic property called specific internal energy, commonly symbolized by the lowercase letter u, which is internal energy per mass of the substance in question.

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