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Learn about how icebergs exist in the world's oceans, including how much ice floats above the surface and how much lies beneath in thi...
An iceberg is a large mass of freshwater ice that has broken off of a glacier or an ice shelf. An ice floe is a large, flat pack of floating ice. The difference between the two is that most of the ice floe’s mass is above the water’s surface, while about 90% of an iceberg’s mass is underwater.
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While it is true that both glaciers and ice floes are large masses of ice that can be found in arctic regions, there is a major difference between them. Basically, glaciers originate on land, and ice floes form in open water and are a form of sea ice.
Together they store a volume of ice that, if completely melted, would cause global sea level to rise by around 65 metres. The ice sheets of West and East Antarctica have a combined ice volume of 26.37 million cubic kilometres, and the inland ice of Greenland around three million cubic kilometres.
14.1 Types of Ice – Introduction to Oceanography. The ice that is seen floating on the ocean’s surface comes from one of two sources. Glacial ice is formed from the accumulation and compression of snow into glaciers, that then break apart and release ice to the ocean.
Unlike the sea water around them, ice bergs are made up of freshwater. Generally speaking we only see up to 20% of the iceberg’s entire mass above the water. To be an official iceberg the ice must rise a minimum of 5 metres above the water and have an area of at least 500 metres squared.
