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1 gru 2012 · Food-web studies that take into account functional attributes such as dispersal and resource tracking will be able to relate patterns of food-web structure across landscapes to large-scale measures of ecosystem function such as regional productivity.
9 wrz 2019 · Here we review the role of the lung and gut microbiotas in respiratory health and disease and highlight the main pathways of communication that underlie the gut–lung axis.
2 sty 2019 · The respiratory system enables animals to smell, vocalize, communicate, filtrate, and humidify incoming air and exchange gas to provide the body with oxygen and rid the body of waste gases. A compromised respiratory system may be life-threatening to any animal.
1 sty 2015 · Practical Use and Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests. In the evaluation of the effects of disease, chemical exposure, toxins, pollutants, and drugs, measurement of pulmonary function in animals can help discover, localize, and assess the magnitude of lesions in the lung.
19 paź 2021 · Learn about how different animals breathe, from fish to humans. All animals need oxygen from the environment. They use oxygen to transform the nutrients they get from their food into energy. This energy is used to carry out the different functions of living, such as moving, learning, and digesting.
Fortunately, the respiratory system has defense mechanisms to clean and protect itself. Only extremely small particles, less than 3 to 5 microns (0.000118 to 0.000196 inches) in diameter, penetrate to the deep lung.
28 lut 2022 · Elevation of the oral plug allows food transfer to the pharynx and protects the upper airways from food entry. The laryngeal inlet in the floor of the pharynx is sealed by laryngeal cartilages, and the muscular laryngeal sac moves upward into the laryngeal cavity, completely occluding the airway.
