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Selection of Structural Shapes. The most common shapes used for horizontal bracing are single angles and WT-shapes. Single angles are the most economical shape for resist-ing small and medium loads, because WT-shapes must be split from W-shapes and straightened by the fabricator.
This volume provides: a) an overview of bracing utilized for I-girders, b) a discussion of the bracing systems for tub girders, and c) design requirements for the members and connections of bracing systems.
bracing is effective only if the horizontal is very stiff or if it is tied by a second horizontal. Bracing that is required only for construction purposes may be removed once construction is complete if it impedes maintenance opera-tions or adversely affects the performance of the bridge in service. However, it is often
Horizontal wind (racking) forces on the external surfaces are transferred by horizontal or near horizontal diaphragms and bracing. Diaphragms include roofs, ceilings and floor surfaces
guidance for the bracing of non-structural walls and ceilings, while providing engineers with a first principles document enabling efficient and consistent specific designs, where required. This range of pre-engineered, off the shelf solutions enables architects, designers, structural engineers, construction companies
BRACING OF A TIMBER-FRAMED BUILDING is required to resist horizontal wind and earth-quake loads. The bracing demand to resist wind is expressed in bracing units (BUs) per lineal metre and bracing units per square metre for earthquakes. This compilation of articles from Build magazine looks at the bracing requirements for
Bracing systems serve a number of important roles in both straight and horizontally curved bridges. The braces provide stability to the primary girders as well as improving the lateral or torsional stiffness and strength of the bridge system both during construction and in service.
