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Selection of Structural Shapes. The most common shapes used for horizontal bracing are single angles and WT-shapes. Single angles are the most economical shape for resist-ing small and medium loads, because WT-shapes must be split from W-shapes and straightened by the fabricator.
Horizontal bracing. At each floor level, bracing in a horizontal plane, generally provided by floor plate action, provides a load path to transfer the horizontal forces (mainly from the perimeter columns, due to wind) to the planes of vertical bracing.
bracing is effective only if the horizontal is very stiff or if it is tied by a second horizontal. Bracing that is required only for construction purposes may be removed once construction is complete if it impedes maintenance opera-tions or adversely affects the performance of the bridge in service. However, it is often
11 sie 2018 · The term “diaphragm” includes horizontal bracing systems. There are two popular types of diaphragm namely rigid diaphragm and semi-rigid Diaphragm. The RIGID DIAPHRAGM can rotate and it can translate, but cannot deform.
14 lis 2022 · Horizontal bracing. Bracing at each floor (in horizontal planes) provides load paths for the transference of horizontal forces to the planes of vertical bracing. Horizontal bracing is needed at each floor level, however, the floor system itself may provide sufficient resistance. Roofs may also require bracing. Types of bracing
Horizontal wind (racking) forces on the external surfaces are transferred by horizontal or near horizontal diaphragms and bracing. Diaphragms include roofs, ceilings and floor surfaces
• Ceiling areas over 1,000 SF must have horizontal restraint wire or rigid bracing • Ceiling areas over 2,500 SF must have seismic separation joints or full height partitions • Ceilings without rigid bracing must have 2" oversized trim rings for sprinklers and other penetrations
