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Thermal expansion in hot water systems: This article defines thermal expansion in water equipment in response to temperature, and explains the concomitant increase in system pressure. We show how to calculate hot water pressure increase in water heaters and boilers as a function of the increase in water temperature.
When water is heated, it expands. For example, water heated from 90oF (32oC) to a thermostat setting of 140oF (60oC) in a 40 gallon hot water heater will expand by almost one-half gallon.
The approach temperature is the smallest temperature difference between the primary and secondary fluids at any point within a heat exchanger. For a counter flow or cross flow plate heat exchanger it will usually be the difference between the primary flow temperature and the secondary flow temperature. For space heating applications an approach
water system losses is too simplistic for new build and deep renovation dwellings. General available models calculate hot water consumption on the basis of the living area and a standard occupancy depending on the surface of the housing. In comparison with real life, these methods lead very often
The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air.
Heated Water Expansion Chart. Expansion tanks provide an air cushion into which the boiler water can expand when boiler water is heated. Based upon an initial water temperature of 40¡F. *"Net Expansion" takes into consideration the expansion of water and components in the system.
expansion (CTE, α, or α 1) is a material property that is indicative of the extent to which a mate-rial expands upon heating. Different substances expand by different amounts. Over small tem-perature ranges, the thermal expansion of uni-form linear objects is proportional to tempera-ture change. Thermal expansion finds useful
