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27 kwi 2018 · The mechanical activity of heart due to its physical movement produces four distinct sounds or beats which are named as first normal heart sound (S1), second normal heart sound (S2), third abnormal heart sound (S3), and fourth abnormal heart sound (S4).
Heart sounds result from vibrations created by the closure of the heart valves. There are at least two; the first (S1) is produced when the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral) close at the beginning of systole and the second (S2) when the aortic valve and pulmonary valve (semilunar valves) close at the end of systole. [4]
A phonocardiogram (PCG) plots recordings of a heart sound and murmur during the cardiac cycle, and analysis of a PCG signal is useful in detecting abnormalities of a heart by using time-frequency analysis and classifications of the heart signals (Milani, Emeroylariffion, Silva, & Nanayakkara, 2021).
The first heart sound (S 1) contains two components: the mitral valve closure sound (M 1) and the tricuspid valve closure sound (T 1). The second heart sound (S 2 ) contains two components: the aortic valve closure sound (A 2 ) followed by the pulmonary valve closure sound (P 2 ).
Si multaneous high frequency (HF) phonocardiograms from the pulmonary (PA) and mitral (MA) areas, indirect carotid pulse tracing (CAR) and electrocardiogram. During inspiration, the second sound (2) in the pulmonary area is split by 0.04 second, becoming single on expiration.
The phonocardiogram (PCG) detects and records heart sounds, the sounds made by the various cardiac structures pulsing and moving blood. The sound is caused by the acceleration and deceleration of blood and turbulence developed during rapid blood flow.
1 wrz 2023 · The paper presents evaluation of the proposed phonocardiography (PCG) measurement system designed primarily for heartbeat detection to estimate heart rate (HR).
