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The Hawkins Test (also knows as the Hawkins Kennedy Test) is one of the most common special tests used in orthopedic physical assessment and examination of the shoulder. The test is very simple to conduct and is quite reliable.
Purpose. This test is commonly used to identify possible subacromial impingement syndrome. Technique. The examiner places the patient's arm shoulder in 90 degrees of shoulder flexion with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees and then internally rotates the arm. The test is considered to be positive if the patient experiences pain with internal rotation.
Hawkins-Kennedy: Sensitivity (SN): .63 (.39–.86) Specificity(SP): .62 (.46–.77), Likelihood ratio(+LR): 1.63 (.94–2.81) Testing: Shoulder is flexed to 90 degrees and then internally rotated with elbow flexed to 90 degrees.
The Hawkins–Kennedy Test is a test used in the evaluation of orthopedic shoulder injury. It was first described in the 1980s by Canadians R. Hawkins and J. Kennedy, and a positive test is most likely indicative of damage to the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle .
The Hawkins Kennedy test is used to identify subacromial impingement of the supraspinatus tendon. This test is often used in combination with the Painful Arc Sign and Infraspinatus muscle test as a combination test for impingement.
These five tests included the Hawkins-Kennedy test, Neer’s sign, the empty can test, the drop arm test, and the lift-off test. Each of these tests is very familiar to physicians and others who examine patients with acute and chronic shoulder pain.
The Hawkins-Kennedy test is one of the most common tests for subacromial shoulder pain. Check out this page to learn how to perform it!
