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Hate crime laws in the United States are state and federal laws intended to protect against hate crimes (also known as bias crimes).
Hate crime laws generally fall into one of several categories: laws defining specific bias-motivated acts as distinct crimes; criminal penalty-enhancement laws; laws creating a distinct civil cause of action for hate crimes; and; laws requiring administrative agencies to collect hate crime statistics. [40]
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The Department of Justice enforces federal hate crimes laws that cover certain crimes committed on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, or disability.
Hate Crime Laws. About Hate Crimes. Since 1968, when Congress passed, and President Lyndon Johnson signed into law, the first federal hate crimes statute, the Department of Justice has been enforcing federal hate crimes laws.
Hate crime recording and data collection practice across the EU. Across the European Union, people face hatred because of their skin colour, ethnicity, religion, gender or sexuality. In response, the EU and its Member States have introduced laws against hate crime and support services for victims.
Most state hate crime laws include crimes committed on the basis of race, color, and religion; many also include crimes committed on the basis of sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, and disability.
Hate motivated crime and speech are illegal under EU law. The 2008 Framework Decision on combating certain forms of expressions of racism and xenophobia requires the criminalisation of public incitement to violence or hatred based on race, colour, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin.
