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Germinal centers or germinal centres (GCs) are transiently formed structures within B cell zone (follicles) in secondary lymphoid organs – lymph nodes, ileal Peyer's patches, and the spleen [1] – where mature B cells are activated, proliferate, differentiate, and mutate their antibody genes (through somatic hypermutation aimed at achieving ...
10 sie 2021 · The unique biology of GC B cells involves iterative rounds of antibody gene somatic hypermutation coupled to multiple selection and differentiation pathways. Recent advances in areas such as single cell and gene editing technologies have shed new light upon these complex and dynamic processes.
A germline mutation, or germinal mutation, is any detectable variation within germ cells (cells that, when fully developed, become sperm and ova). [1] Mutations in these cells are the only mutations that can be passed on to offspring, when either a mutated sperm or oocyte come together to form a zygote . [ 2 ]
Key Points. The germinal centre (GC) of lymphoid organs is the main structure where antigen-activated B cells diversify their immunoglobulin genes by somatic hypermutation (SHM) to generate...
20 wrz 2016 · Functional Anatomy of the GC. GCs form in the center of the B cell follicles of secondary lymphoid organs, interspersed within a network of stromal cells known as follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) (Heesters et al., 2014).
4 mar 2020 · Germinal centers (GC) are dynamic anatomical structures that provide a unique microenvironment for B-cell affinity maturation through somatic hypermutations (SHM) and class-switching...
Germinal centers (GCs) are microanatomical sites of B cell clonal expansion and antibody affinity maturation. Therein, B cells undergo the Darwinian process of somatic diversification and affinity-driven selection of immunoglobulins that produces the high-affinity antibodies essential for effective humoral immunity.
