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2 kwi 2023 · In dogs, a cardiac silhouette greater than 3.5 intercostal spaces or two‐thirds the height and 50% of the width of the thoracic cavity is consistent with cardiomegaly. Additionally, a VHS greater than 10.5 is consistent with cardiomegaly in most dog breeds.
The cardiovascular system comprises the heart, veins, arteries, and capillary beds. The atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) and semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) valves keep blood flowing in one direction through the heart, and valves in large veins keep blood flowing back toward the heart.
27 maj 2016 · Chapter • 32. The Heart and Pulmonary Vessels. Robert Bahr. Assessing cardiovascular function becomes important when decisions must be made regarding staging a patient with suspected cardiac disease, deciding about therapy, and monitoring response to therapy or progression of disease.
Figure 1. Diagram showing heart functionality. The heart is a muscular pump divided into four chambers – two atria and two ventricles – that lies within the mediastinum in the thorax. The interventricular septum separates the two sides of the heart and, unless there is a septal defect, the two sides never directly communicate.
The most commonly affected valve is the mitral valve, which divides the left atrium and left ventricle (Figure 2). In approximately 60% of dogs with DVD, the mitral valve will be affected, 30% will have mitral and tricuspid valve degeneration, and 10% will be affected by tricuspid valve disease.
In dogs, 2 heart sounds can normally be distinguished. Heart murmurs are vibrations that can be heard coming from the heart or major blood vessels and generally are the result of turbulent blood flow or vibrations of heart structures, such as part of a valve.
Systolic Dysfunction. Systole is a broad classification of cardiac function that encompasses all of the variables capable of altering blood flow into the aorta. It includes (but is not limited to) heart rate, myocardial contractility, preload, afterload, hypertrophy (volume and pressure overload), leaks, and shunts.
