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Napoleon led not just a French army but a European one that included Italian, Austrian, German, and Polish forces into Russia. He was, after all, the “warlord of Europe.” 14
- THE NAPOLEONIC INVASION OF RUSSIA AND RECENT - JSTOR
view that the continental blockade was the main cause of...
- THE NAPOLEONIC INVASION OF RUSSIA AND RECENT - JSTOR
The French invasion of Russia, also known as the Russian campaign (French: Campagne de Russie), the Second Polish War, and in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 (Russian: Оте́чественная война́ 1812 го́да, romanized: Otéchestvennaya voyná 1812 góda), was initiated by Napoleon with the aim of compelling the Russian ...
French losses during the retreat from Moscow were quite staggering: 300,000 soldiers were killed or died of cold or starvation; 100,000 were captured by the Russians; and a further 50,000 were wounded. Only around 50,000 were capable of fighting another campaign.
view that the continental blockade was the main cause of Russo-French conflict, that in any case Russia was ready to at- tack France at the end of 1810, and that Napoleon's invasion of Russia was con- sequently an act of self-defense.
Napoleon pressed east, Emperor Alexander replaced him with Mikhail Kutuzov, a veteran general, who made a stand at Borodino near Moskva. On September 7, 120,000 Russians clashed with 130,000 French in the largest battle of the war. After two days of battle, the Russians lost over 40,000 men and the French over 28,000 men. As a
Crushing defeats in Russia (1812) and Germany (1813) caused the Napoleon’s empire and brought his enemies to the Rhine River at of 1813. With a depleted and exhausted army, Napoleon attempted the defense of his frontier from the Alps to the North Sea while he France.
They are of two essential kinds: Firstly, those which gave rise to Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812; that is, those immediate factors which led to the de nitive start of the process of collapse, factors which, arguably, can stretch far back into the history of Napoleonic expansion.
