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2 cze 2023 · Effective fetal cardiac screening should maximize detection of structural anomalies and (according to available expertise and resources) abnormalities of function and rhythm, as part of routine prenatal care.
11 sty 2017 · International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carvalho JS, Allan LD, et al. ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): sonographic screening examination of the fetal heart. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;41(3):348–359.
1 lip 2023 · Fetal echocardiography is indicated in the setting of abnormal results on screening ultrasound of the heart regardless of additional risk factors; below are recommended indications for fetal echocardiography on the basis of a priori risk from previously published guidelines and the current document.
16 lut 2019 · In this chapter, we review normal fetal cardiovascular anatomy and physiology, recommended approaches for prenatal cardiac screening and detailed evaluation, ultrasound findings associated with common types of CHD, and specific imaging tools for common fetal heart diseases.
In the fetus, heart failure can be caused by a myriad of factors that include fetal shunting abnormalities, genetic cardiomyopathies, extracardiac malformations, arrhythmias and structural congenital heart disease. With advances in ultrasound has come the ability to characterize many complex conditions, previously poorly understood.
7 lut 2019 · The score combines the following direct and indirect markers of fetal cardiovascular function: fetal hydrops, venous and arterial Doppler findings, heart size, and cardiac function using parameters such as the presence of regurgitation in the atrioventricular valves, the biphasic pattern of the filling flow in diastole, and the relationship ...
Ultrasound factors include FHR and NT. The purpose of an ultrasound examination at 18–22 and 28–32 weeks of pregnancy is a detailed assessment of fetal organs for congenital malformations (fetal anomaly scan). The protocol for basic fetal heart examination at 18–22 weeks is presented in Table 2.
