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Expansion of extracellular fluid volume is central to the pathophysiology of heart failure. Increased extracellular fluid leads to elevated intracardiac filling pressures, resulting in a constellation of signs and symptoms of heart failure referred to as congestion.
AHF can be defined as an episode with acute symptoms of heart failure requiring hospitalisation. AHF is a result of decompensation in a patient with chronic heart failure or a de novo admission of heart failure in a patient without a prior heart failure diagnosis. The symptoms include dyspnoea, oedema and tiredness.
1 kwi 2022 · The ACC/AHA stages of HF (Figure 1, Table 3) emphasize the development and progression of disease, 1,2 and advanced stages and progression are associated with reduced survival. 3 Therapeutic interventions in each stage aim to modify risk factors (stage A), treat risk and structural heart disease to prevent HF (stage B), and reduce symptoms ...
8 lis 2023 · Evaluation and optimization of volume status is an essential component of treatment in patients with systolic or diastolic heart failure (HF) . Removal of excess extracellular fluid with diuretics to treat peripheral and/or pulmonary edema is one of the mainstays of volume management.
1 paź 2015 · Diuretic therapy, and especially loop diuretic therapy, are the usual way of managing congestion, especially in volume-overloaded patients. [4] . The most commonly used diuretics in HF are loop diuretics, thiazides and potassium-sparing diuretics.
9 mar 2020 · Effective diuretic action requires four discrete steps: 1) ingestion and gastrointestinal absorption (if given orally), 2) delivery to the kidney, 3) secretion into the tubule lumen; and 4) binding to the transport protein—each one of these steps is discussed in this review.
5 sty 2024 · ENACT-HF was an international, multicenter, open-label, pragmatic, 2-phase study, comparing the current standard of care of each center with a standardized diuretic protocol, including urinary sodium to guide therapy. The primary end point was natriuresis after 1 day.
