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22 paź 2020 · Left-handed up and down quarks can transform into each other, via an interaction called the weak force. This happens when the quarks exchange a particle called a W boson — one of the carriers of the weak force, with an electric charge of either +1 or −1.
There are four fundamental forces at work in the universe: the strong force, the weak force, the electromagnetic force, and the gravitational force. They work over different ranges and have different strengths.
The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.
The weak force is mediated by massive vector bosons: mW. = 80 GeV. mZ. = 91 GeV. Examples: (The list below is not complete, will see more vertices later!) Weak interactions of electrons and neutrinos: e. + W. Z. e+. Z. e. Boson Self-Interactions. In QCD the gluons carry colour charge. In the weak interaction the. ± W and.
The role of the weak force in the transmutation of quarks makes it the interaction involved in many decays of nuclear particles which require a change of a quark from one flavor to another. It was in radioactive decay such as beta decay that the existence of the weak interaction was first revealed.
The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson, the three generations of quarks and leptons, and the gauge bosons), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces.
The strong force is carried by the aptly named gluon. It holds quarks together to make protons, neutrons and more exotic large particles. The weak force causes radioactive decay thanks to the W and Z bosons. Finally, the electromagnetic force is carried by the photon.
