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Erik Erikson believed that the ego Freud described was far more than just a mediator between the superego and the id. He saw the ego as a positive driving force in human development and personality.
1. Erikson regarded the ego as an autonomous system. It dealt with reality through the conscious thought process, including perception, attention, and memory. It was not at the mercy of the id or super-ego. 2. Erikson stressed the historical and cultural setting in which a person's ego was formed.
During their later years, Erikson and his wife, Joan, speculated about the possible existence of a “ninth stage” of ego transcendence. In some sense, elders revisit and confront the more challenging elements of each stage all over again. The negative and positive tendencies are reversed.
Erik Erikson is one of the few personality theorists from a Western perspective who addressed the entire lifespan. He shifted from Freud’s emphasis on psychosexual conflicts to one of psychosocial crises, which have unique manifestations through adulthood and old age.
1 lis 2001 · In the ego identity paper, Erikson very thoughtfully elaborates his understanding of the development of ego identity with a rather extensive discussion of his definition of the term and the internal and external forces that play a role in the development of one’s ego identity.
29 paź 2009 · Erikson’s unique “ways of seeing” led to innovative psychological constructs such as “identity,” “identity crisis,” “epigenetic development,” “psychohistory,” “pseudospeciation,” and “adult development” – constructs now absorbed into the daily lexicon of psychology and American culture.
I locate the origins of the American independent tradition and intersubjective ego psychology in the work of Hans Loewald and Erik Erikson. Both Loewald and Erikson begin from self-identification as ego psychologists, but each brings in, foundationally, something of the relational-interpersonal.
