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9 wrz 2024 · Long-term health complications from nicotine gum—especially when used for more than six months—may include insulin resistance, gum disease, and dental problems, as well as an increased risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and ulcers.
13 paź 2023 · Nicotine can cause and aggravate cardiovascular health issues, especially when taken steadily over long periods of time. It can increase blood pressure, heart rate and blood flow to the heart, while also contributing to the narrowing of arteries.
Intravenous nicotine, nicotine nasal spray and nicotine chewing gum all acutely increase heart rate up to 10 to 15 beats/min and increase blood pressure up to 5 to 10 mm Hg, responses similar to the effects of cigarette smoking ().
In a study comparing the immediate effect of nicotine on cardiovascular parameters, transdermal nicotine patches, nicotine nasal spray and cigarette smoking were all found to increase systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as heart rate.
Smoking is a well-established and important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cessation of smoking clearly decreases the chances of a first or subsequent cardiovascular event. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a proven adjunctive therapy to increase the probability of quitting smoking.
The subjects chewed the gum for 30 min and heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, finger tip temperature, calf and hand blood flow and whole blood nicotine levels were measured for 240 min in the supine position, under indirect body heating. 72%–96% of the nicotine was absorbed.
1 wrz 1996 · This study shows that in healthy, middle-aged men, long-term exposure to smoke-free nicotine by the use of nicotine-containing chewing gum is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.
